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Inscriptions

EXEQUIES AND EXCOMMUNICATION

Three inscriptions in Pudukkotai district glean interesting information on the exequy services to be done by some Valaiyars for the village if death happens and later annulling the order by the Urom as they were out-casted by their community. Among the three inscriptions, one is found at Pulvayal and two at Kumiyanmalai, the inscription of the former place, records the order of the obsequy duties to certain valaiyars whereas the inscriptions of the latter place, annul the same for certain valaiyars. All the three inscriptions belong to C.E. 16th century.

The Pulvayal inscription (IPS 847) records the duties to be performed by certain Valaiyars in the village during the funeral occasions. Kadambaraya Muttaraiyar Elundaramaivendra Muttaraiya Panaiyan and his kins, Ulagappanaiyan and his kins, Naduvirkulaperan sarathiruvan and his kins, Sayiran and his kins, Melaikkoova Devendra Muttaraiyan and his kins, Manavala kathan and his kins for these three valaiyars the Urom entrusted the duties of funeral services. The funeral duties were, in the absence of women in the village, they have to veil the head, veil the corpse and to lead in front of the corpse. Apart from that the day after the funeral pyre, they have to put-off the crematorium with water. These two jobs to be performed by them as said by the Uravar and it was signed by one Thennavadaraiyan. The inscription is dated saka era 1445, 4th day of Chittirai month which constitutes 4th March of 1523 C.E. and stated Pulvayal a village in the Vayalaganadu.

Two inscriptions (IPS 906, 926) in the Kuduminathar temple at Kudumiyanmalai whereas records annulling the duties of funeral occasions to some of the Valaiayars. An inscription dated 25th day of Vaisaka in the Vikrama year the temple authorities of Kudumiyanmalai, ordered a grant of exemption to Valaikundrusoozhnadu Muttaraiyan and Konadu Muttaraiyan of the above mentioned village in duties relating to funeral services. If death happens in the village they did certain services viz., constructing the pyre, veiling, carrying the firepot and flambeau, to lit the corpse and to guard crematorium during pyre. It seems that they requested for the exemption from the duties of obsequies. As per the order of Sivanthelundar they were relieved from such duties, however they can carry flambeau for the auspicious and propitious occasions if required by the Ur and also to do all the duties relating to good occasions as expected by the villagers. Thus they were freed from the funeral duties and made to live in peace and comfort. The signatories of the order were Sivanthelundar, Parameswara bhattar, Sivaprahasa bhattar, and the temple accountant Kudumikonattu velan.

As like, Mallapanayakar Pallavarayar ordered exemption from obsequies duties to certain valaiyars as he heard their migration. In the 8th day of Aani month in Manmatha year, Mallapanayakar Pallavarayar ordered through the temple treasury that Visalur Konadu Muttaraiyan, Selinthivana muttaraiyar and his kins, exempted from doing the job of guarding the heap, veiling in front of the corpse. These people as they were doing the funeral duties, the valaiyars of other villages out-casted these valaiyars. Mallapanayakar Pallavaraiyar heard the discomfiture of these two valaiyars and ordered prohibiting from doing such duties. It is also stated that those who violate the orders, it would be equal to the sin committed assaulting the cow in the banks of river Ganges. The signatories of the order were the temple authorities Parameswara bhattan, Saivaprakasa bhattar, temple accountant Konattu velar, representative of Mallappa nayakka pallavarayar Thaiyalapillai, Visalur Velan, Marugura Sevaka Muttaraiyan Pidaran.

The inscriptions of these two places help us to understand the obsequies that practiced in the society in the later medieval period and also the prevalence of the same rites till now. However, at the same time the inscriptions also glean the social mobility, the Muttaraiyas were once warriors, officials of high disposition, even rulers of the land but these sixteenth century inscriptions glean the degraded position of some of the Muttaraiya clans in some of the villages of Pudukkottai district.

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