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Structural Temples

THIRUCHCHENNAMPOONDI KADAIMUDIMAHADEVAR TEMPLE – 2

The aditala of the vimana is crowned with hara. Being anarpita hara, the harmaya of the second tala is detached from the hara structure. The harmaya is cantoned by four brahmakantha pilasters representing the bhadra and the karna sections. The pilasters possess the capital ornamentation and the potikas resting above the pilasters are plain angular and extend its limbs to bear the uttira. Uttira, vajana and valabi forms the prastra elements of second tala, valabhi is decked with bhutamala. The rest of the structure is dilapidated.

The bhadra sections and recessions in the vimana are adorned with koshthas. The koshthas in the bhadra sections are flanked by rudrakantha spilt pilasters, the pilasters have capital ornamentation of kattu, kalasa, tadi, kumbha, padama pali, phalaka and virakantha. The mala is shown with festoons of flowers and beads and the sthana is shown with creeper ornamentation. Besides, the kalasa, kumbha, pali are embossed with leafy patterns. The virakantha directly bears the vedica of the koshtha. The koshthas are crowned with elaborately ornate makarathoranas. Vinadara  Dakshinamuthi  is housed in the southern koshtha, Brahma in the northern koshtha however the western koshtha is empty.

A well formed makathorana is seen for the southern koshtha, that is for Vinadhara koshtha. The makaras at the base are shown facing each other whereas the makaras in the top are facing opposite. The makaras are shown with thick plumages. Wavy scrolls form ornamental arch between the lower and upper makaras. Warriors are shown emerging from the wide open mouth of the upper makaras. Besides, yazhi, simhas are shown in the arches. Ganas are shown seated on the lower makara. In between the upper makaras inside an ornamental circle, Lord Nataraja is shown. Below the God in a square frame a muyalaga is seen. An inner circle is formed with festoons, each festoon is adorned with a miniature of ganas handling various musical instruments viz., kudamuzha, thalam. The innermost kudu of the arch is adorned with Lord Dakshinamurti seated in virasana on a mount, below the God two rishis are shown seated in the floor. The deity is decked in jatabhara, and for the rishis the locks are knotted in the apex, attire and ornaments are much worn out.

In the recession formed between the karna and bhadra sections of the vimana is adorned with koshtha on all three sides. The koshthas in the recession are adorned with brahmakantha split pilasters, the brahmakantha pilasters have the same ornamentation as like the pilasters koshtha of bhadra. The koshthas are crowed with thorana but remain plain. All the koshthas in the recession are empty.

The mukha mandapa has an adhishthana, bhitti and prastara, as like the vimana, but projection of the segments are absent here. As like vimana, the adhishthana of the mukha mandapa is also kapotabandha type. The adhishthana is raised on the upana has the components of jagati, kumuda, gala complex, kapota and prativari. Above the prati series a thin kampa is seen forming the upper most element of the adhishthana. At present due to renovation the adhishthana is concealed up to the kumuda level with the new paved floor. The kumuda is rudra type and adorned with urthuva and adhavapadma ornamentation in the base and surface of the kumuda. The gala complex consists of gala, pada flanked by thin kampa,  the padas are plain without miniatures. The kapota of the adhishthana is flexed overhanging and ornamented with konapatta in the corners. The prativari is represented with yazhi frieze, yazhis are paired facing each other and the corners are decked with makara heads.  

The bhitti that raise above the vedika is cantoned by pilaster, each sides are adorned with four brahmakantha pilasters. The pilasters have oma, the brahmakantha shaft possesses capital ornamentation of mala, sthana, padma kattu, kalasa, tadi, kumbha, pali, phalaka and virakantha. The mala is adorned with beaded festoons and flower festoons, and the sthana is decked with creeper ornamentation. Above the pilasters rests the potikas, the potikas are angular taranga with kuzhavu and also ornamented with median patta. The kuzhavu is well formed and shown in the angular point of the potikas. The potikas at the corners are three limbed, the limbs of the potikas extend to bear the uttira. The uttira is followed by vajana, valabhi. The rampant yazhi shown in the valabhi of the vimana continues here also.  The roof of the tala extends as flexed over hanging kapota, it extend according to the recession and projection of the tala. The kapota is decked with kudu arches in the correspondence to the pilasters of bhitti. Besides, the kapota is ornamented with konapattas in corners and middle, chandramadalas in the edges. As like vimanas, the kudu arches are big and adorned with Linga. Above the kapota is shown the bhumidesa represented with yazhi frieze, the corners are adorned with makara heads. As like vimana, the vedi-pada is adorned with miniatures whereas it is absent in the gala-padas. 

KOSHTHAS OF THE MUKHA MANDAPA

In the mukha mandapa, the space in between the middle pair of pilasters is adorned with koshtha. The koshthas possess brahmakantha split pilasters with all the ornamentations as seen the pilasters of the bhitti. The northern koshtha is adorned with Lord Muruga, south koshtha remain empty. As like, in the eastern side, the entrance to the mukha mandapa is formed in between the middle two pilasters, whereas on either side niches are formed between pilasters. Probably the niches are formed to adorn dvarapalas, however, it remains empty.

Lord Muruga is standing on a pitha in sama, his front right hand is in abhaya and the front left hand is in katyavalampita and the back hands in kartari mudra carry sakti and vajra. He is decked with short attire and idaikattu, the knots of the idaikattu are hanging on the sides. Charapali, patrakundaras, kankanas, keyura, udarabanda are the ornaments adorn by Him. His locks are gathered as karanta makuta and adorned with chenni. He is also adorned with chhannavira.

THE DILAPIDATED MAHA MANDAPA

In front of the mukha mandapa a platform is seen. The platform has an adhishthana and possesses the same features of the adhishthana of vimana and mukha mandapa. Probably the adhishthana might be the adhishthana for a mandapa that might have been dilapidated in course of time. Broken pillars are also seen scattered in the nearby of the shrine. In the centre of the platform Nandhi is seated and facing the sanctum.

INNERSIDE OF THE MUHKA MANDAPA

The mukha mandapa is a small pillared chamber, has four pillars. The pillars are indrakantha shaft with capital ornamentation, The head components are mala, sthana, padma kattu, kalasa, tadi, kumbha, pali, phalaka and virakantha. Only one pillar possesses festoon and creeper ornamentation in the mala and sthana whereas the other pillars are plain. The potikas that rest above the pillars are angular taranga with kulavu, median patta however in two of the pillars vettu-taranga potikas are seen. The potikas bear the cross running uttira, the uttira is followed by vajana, valabhi. The roof of the mandapa is covered with stone slabs. The roof is shown parted as two sections by the cross running prastara elements. The valabhi in all direction of the mukha mandapa are adorned with bhuta frieze. It is quite interesting to see the bhuta frieze adorning the cross running prastara components, in the prastara above the inner side walls of mukha mandapa. Such feature is also seen in the Pullamangai Aalanthuraiyar temple.

THE SANCTUM

The mukha mandapa leads to the santum, the doorway of the sanctum is flanked by a pair of indrakantha pilasters. The pilasters possess same features of the pilasters of the vimana and mukha mandapa. The potikas are angular-taranga with kuzhavu and bear the uttira. The entrance has doorframes of jambs, lintel and sill, the lintel is ornamented as gala and pada. The sanctum is a cubical chamber, the walls of the sanctum are plain, uttira, valabhi and vajana are the prastra elements seen. Lord Shiva in the form of Linga is housed in. The avudaiyar is circular and the bana is rudra, a small gomukha is seen on the north.

THE SHRINE OF GODDESS

The shrine of Goddess Seethambiga is on the north eastern side. It consists of vimana and a mukha mandapa, entirely a newly constructed brick structure. The vimana is dvitala nagara vimana and has a basement but lack the proper features of an adhishthana, above the basement raise the bhitti sectioned by four plain brahmakantha pilasters on each side. The potikas of the pilasters are plain angular and bear the uttira, vajana and valabhi. The kapota is flexed and over hanging and decked with kudu arches. The aditala is adorned with hara structure, the second tala possesses all usual features and the viaman is crowned with griva and nagara sikhara, stupi is absent. Koshthas are seen on the east, west and north but remain empty.

The mukha mandapa carry the same feature of the vimana viz., a basement, bhitti sectioned by pilasters and prastara. The sanctum is a cubical chamber housed the goddess in standing posture. The Goddess is standing in sama on a pitha and carrying akshamāla in the back right hand and lotus in back left hand, the front hands are in abhaya and varada. The locks are gathered as jatamakuta and decked with silk attire, ornaments.

CHANDESWARA SHRINE

The shrine for Lord Chandeswara is on the northern side, lying to the north of the vimana facing south. It is a newly constructed shrine and of brick structure and houses Chandeswara. Chandeswara is seated in suhasana in a pitha, he is decked with jatabhara, short attire and patrakundalas. He is carrying parasu in his right hand and the left hand is resting on his thigh.

VINADHARA DAKSHINAMURTHY

Vinadhara, a rarely seen incarnation of Siva in the southern niche of the aditala is in standing posture. Though he is not in samabhanga, his feet are kept in sama. His jata mandala with a skull fixed in the middle spreads on either side of his face in curls. He is wearing a makara kundala in the right ear and a patra kundala in the left ear. He is adorned with armlets, bangles, necklaces and an udarabandha in the appropriate places. The sacred thread is worn in the nivitafashion. He is dressed upto the thigh and the additional garment named idaikkattu is wound around the thighs with knots and tassels hanging on either side of the body. His back hands bent at elbow are in kataka where as the front hands hold avina. The sharp nose, chubby cheeks and the pouting lips make the sculpture very colourful and attractive.

BRAHMA

Brahma is standing in sama on a lotus pitha with his front right hand in abhaya and the front left hand in katyavalambita. The back hands in kartari mudra carry kundigai in the left and akshamala in the right. His braids arranged as a heavy jatamakuta and decked with head ornaments. Draped in silk attire and the idaikattu is slackly worn above it. Besides, the kurunguseri adorn his lower body. Keyura, kankanas, rings, charapali, stone studded udarabanda, thalseri add beauty to the god. Vastara yajnopavita is worn in nivita fashion.

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